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Updated: Aug 26, 2025
Evaluation of Biomarkers in Glioma by Immunohistochemistry on Paraffin-Embedded 3D Glioma Neurosphere Cultures
Published on: January 9, 2019
Development and Validation of a Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation-Related Gene Signature as Prognostic Biomarker for
Lidong Ning1, Guanyan Zhao1, Changji Xie1
1Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530001 Guangxi, China.
Aim:
To explore whether the liquid-liquid phase separation- (LLPS-) related genes were potential prognostic markers that could contribute to the further classification of low-grade gliomas (LGGs).
Methods:
The LLPS-related genes were subjected to functional enrichment analysis. The univariable, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariable stepwise Cox regression analyses were performed to develop an LLPS-related gene signature (GS) in the discovery data set. The biological characteristics of the high-risk LGG were explored using gene set enrichment analysis. Two independent external data sets were used to validate the LLPS-related GS.
Results:
LLPS-related genes are involved in multiple important cancer-related biological processes and pathways in LGG. Nine LLPS-related genes were identified to construct the LLPS-related GS, which was significantly associated with the prognosis of LGG patients. The LLPS-related GS could successfully divide patients with LGG into high- and low-risk groups, and the high-risk group showed a poorer prognosis than the low-risk group. Furthermore, the LLPS-related GS was independent of IDH and 1p19q status. Several cancer-related pathways may be more active in high-risk LGGs, such as IL6 JAK STAT3 signaling pathway. The LLPS-related GS was successfully validated with two independent external data sets.
Conclusion:
We developed and validated a novel LLPS-related GS for risk stratification of LGG. Our findings may provide more precise management for LGGs and a useful reference for LLPS mechanism to link LGG studies.
