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Related Concept Videos

Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

327
Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
327
Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

439
Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
439

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Updated: Aug 26, 2025

A Versatile Method of Patterning Proteins and Cells
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Patterning Wettability for Open-Surface Fluidic Manipulation: Fundamentals and Applications.

Pallab Sinha Mahapatra1, Ranjan Ganguly2, Aritra Ghosh3

  • 1Micro Nano Bio-Fluidics group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai600036, India.

Chemical Reviews
|October 4, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Harnessing capillary forces on surfaces enables passive liquid manipulation for point-of-care diagnostics. This approach offers low-cost, energy-efficient microfluidic devices for healthcare and conservation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Effective liquid manipulation on open surfaces without external energy is crucial for advancing point-of-care diagnostic devices.
  • Open-surface microfluidics presents significant potential for improving healthcare, particularly in developing regions.
  • Passive microfluidic devices offer a pathway to low-cost, accessible diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in passive surface microfluidics.
  • To highlight the use of capillary forces for passive liquid transport and manipulation.
  • To discuss the potential of these platforms for biomedical, energy, and water conservation applications.

Main Methods:

  • Inducing gradients or steps of wettability on substrates.
  • Utilizing surface-microfluidic platforms.
  • Harnessing capillary forces for passive liquid movement.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated passive liquid transport and higher-order fluidic manipulations.
  • Showcased advancements in creating smooth wettability gradients and sharp wettability steps.
  • Highlighted recent applications in biomedical diagnostics, energy conservation, and water conservation.

Conclusions:

  • Passive surface microfluidics enables facile, low-cost, and easy-to-operate devices.
  • Capillary-driven flow on engineered surfaces is a promising strategy for various applications.
  • This technology holds potential for global health and resource management solutions.