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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

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Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

31
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA in Rat
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Bacterial endocarditis with AACEK (HACEK) organisms.

Lindsey R Kuohn1, Richard Ro1, Daniel Bamira1

  • 1Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.

Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)
|October 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The AACEK group (Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella) rarely causes endocarditis. This case series details three instances of AACEK-related endocarditis, emphasizing diagnostic imaging roles.

Keywords:
AACEKHACEKTEEbioprosthesisendocarditisvalve replacement

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The AACEK group (Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella) are known, but infrequent, causes of infective endocarditis.
  • These Gram-negative organisms were formerly known as the HACEK group.

Observation:

  • This case series presents three patients with infective endocarditis caused by AACEK organisms, affecting both native and prosthetic valves.
  • Cardiobacterium hominis was identified in two patients, while Aggregatibacter aphrophilus was implicated in the third.
  • A dental source of infection was noted in two patients, and all cases presented with subacute endocarditis.

Findings:

  • AACEK organisms typically cause an indolent infection.
  • Multimodality imaging, particularly transesophageal echocardiography, is critical for diagnosing AACEK endocarditis.
  • Imaging aids in assessing native and prosthetic valve involvement and delineating abscess extent in prosthetic valve infections.

Implications:

  • This study underscores the importance of considering AACEK organisms in the differential diagnosis of subacute endocarditis.
  • Transesophageal echocardiography is vital for accurate diagnosis and management of AACEK endocarditis.
  • Early recognition and appropriate imaging can improve outcomes for patients with rare causes of endocarditis.