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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...

Activation Energy

Activation Energy

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy necessary for a chemical reaction to move forward. The higher the activation energy, the slower the rate of the reaction. However, adding heat to the reaction will increase the rate, since it causes molecules to move faster and increase the likelihood that molecules will collide. The collision and breaking of bonds represents the uphill phase of a reaction and generates the transition state. The transition state is an unstable high-energy state...

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion....

The Carbon Cycle

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Catalytic Processes to Accelerate Decarbonization in a Net-Zero Carbon World.

Yixiao Wang¹, Yuan Tian^1,2, Shu-Yuan Pan³

¹Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA.

|October 5, 2022

Summary

Catalysis is crucial for reducing carbon dioxide emissions and mitigating climate change. This review highlights advances in catalysis for decarbonization, clean energy, and sustainable materials, guiding future research toward a carbon net-zero world.

Keywords:

catalysis decarbonization energy global warming sustainability

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Last Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

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Published on: May 22, 2016

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Published on: June 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Chemical Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Global climate change necessitates urgent reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, primarily from fossil fuel combustion.
Catalysis offers sustainable solutions for decarbonization by enhancing energy efficiency and enabling clean energy utilization.
Current industrial processes heavily rely on fossil fuels, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the critical role of catalysis in mitigating global climate change.
To summarize recent advances in catalyst development for industrial processes and clean energy.
To explore emerging catalytic applications for a carbon-neutral future.

Main Methods:

Literature review of catalysis applications in reducing energy demand and carbon emissions.
Summary of recent advancements in catalyst design and performance.
Analysis of emerging catalytic technologies for key industrial sectors.

Main Results:

Catalysis enhances industrial process efficiency, reduces energy consumption, and displaces carbon-intensive feedstocks.
Key applications include direct air capture of CO2, sustainable fuel production, and plastic recycling.
Advances enable the utilization of clean energy sources and the development of biobased products.

Conclusions:

Catalysis is indispensable for achieving carbon reduction goals and a sustainable future.
Further research is needed in areas like iron/steel manufacturing and sustainable aviation fuel production.
Catalytic innovations are vital for transitioning to a carbon net-zero world.