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Translation

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...

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Folding and Characterization of a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

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Published on: December 3, 2015

3D-printed microrobots from design to translation.

Sajjad Rahmani Dabbagh^1,2,3, Misagh Rezapour Sarabi¹, Mehmet Tugrul Birtek¹

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey.

Nature Communications

|October 5, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

3D printed microrobots offer versatile solutions for medicine and environmental applications. Future advancements may integrate smart materials, artificial intelligence (AI), and physical intelligence (PI) for enhanced functionality.

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Area of Science:

Robotics and Microengineering
Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Microrobots are engineered for precise tasks in challenging environments, including the human body and water treatment.
Their applications span cargo delivery, diagnostics, surgery, and environmental remediation.
Advancements in 3D printing enable rapid, high-resolution fabrication of microrobots, broadening accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the latest end applications of 3D printed microrobots.
To discuss actuation methods and 3D printing technologies for microrobot fabrication.
To explore future perspectives, including smart materials, AI, and PI integration.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent advancements in 3D printed microrobot technology.
Analysis of current and emerging applications in biomedical and environmental fields.
Discussion of fabrication techniques, actuation strategies, and future integration possibilities.

Main Results:

3D printed microrobots demonstrate significant potential in both biomedical (e.g., targeted drug delivery, minimally invasive surgery) and environmental (e.g., water purification) sectors.
Various actuation methods (on-board and off-board) and 3D printing technologies are feasible for microrobot fabrication.
Integration with smart materials, AI, and PI are identified as key future directions.

Conclusions:

3D printed microrobots are a rapidly evolving technology with diverse applications.
Overcoming clinical translation challenges, such as biocompatibility and immune response, is crucial for widespread adoption.
Future research should focus on integrating advanced materials and intelligence for enhanced microrobot capabilities.