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Even without visible ship tracks, aerosol emissions significantly alter cloud properties. A new method reveals increased droplet numbers and liquid water, suggesting a larger climate cooling effect from shipping than previously understood.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Climate Science
  • Aerosol-Cloud Interactions

Background:

  • Cloud reflectivity is influenced by aerosol particles acting as condensation nuclei.
  • Human-caused aerosol increases impact cloud droplet number, liquid water, and cloud fraction, but with significant uncertainties.
  • Ship tracks are used to study aerosol-cloud interactions, yet only a small fraction of polluted clouds exhibit them.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the impact of shipping emissions on cloud properties, even in the absence of visible ship tracks.
  • To develop a novel method for assessing aerosol-cloud interactions beyond satellite-visible ship track observations.
  • To investigate shipping's influence on clouds in the Atlantic trade cumulus regions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new methodology to quantify aerosol-cloud interactions from shipping emissions.
  • Analysis of cloud properties in the Atlantic trade cumulus regions, focusing on areas with minimal visible ship tracks.
  • Direct detection of shipping-induced changes in cloud properties.

Main Results:

  • Aerosol emissions substantially alter cloud properties even when ship tracks are not visible.
  • The new method detected increased cloud droplet number concentration and a positive liquid water response in the absence of visible tracks.
  • Shipping-induced cloud property changes were directly observed in Atlantic trade cumulus regions.

Conclusions:

  • Previous studies relying solely on visible ship tracks may have selection biases.
  • The observed strong liquid water path response implies a greater aerosol cooling effect from shipping.
  • This enhanced cooling effect could potentially mask higher climate sensitivity than current temperature trends suggest.