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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...

Development of Blood Vessels

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...

Overview of the Vascular System

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Isolation and Culture Expansion of Tumor-specific Endothelial Cells

Isolation and Culture Expansion of Tumor-specific Endothelial Cells

Published on: October 14, 2015

Vascular endothelial cell development and diversity.

Emily Trimm^1,2, Kristy Red-Horse^3,4,5

¹Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Nature Reviews. Cardiology

|October 5, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances in single-cell genomics reveal new insights into vascular endothelial cell development and diversity. These findings are crucial for understanding tissue maintenance, disease pathology, and advancing vascular medicine.

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Last Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Isolation and Culture Expansion of Tumor-specific Endothelial Cells

Isolation and Culture Expansion of Tumor-specific Endothelial Cells

Published on: October 14, 2015

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

Published on: September 9, 2016

Three-dimensional Angiogenesis Assay System using Co-culture Spheroids Formed by Endothelial Colony Forming Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Three-dimensional Angiogenesis Assay System using Co-culture Spheroids Formed by Endothelial Colony Forming Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: September 18, 2019

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Biology
Cellular and Molecular Medicine
Genomics and Transcriptomics

Background:

Vascular endothelial cells are crucial for circulatory system development, maintenance, and paracrine support.
Recent technical advances in single-cell genomics and genetic labeling have significantly enhanced our understanding of endothelial cells.
New insights into endothelial cell development, plasticity, heterogeneity, and cell cycle relationships have emerged.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the latest findings in vascular endothelial cell development and diversity.
To discuss the implications of these discoveries for vascular medicine.
To highlight the role of advanced techniques like single-cell multimodal omics in studying vascular physiology and disease.

Main Methods:

Large-scale single-cell studies.
Single-cell genomics.
In vivo genetic labelling.
Single-cell multimodal omics.

Main Results:

Identification of novel tissue-specific gene expression patterns in endothelial cells.
Discovery of crucial signaling pathways and cell-cell interactions.
New understanding of endothelial cell subtype differentiation timing and cell cycle relationships.
Insights into endothelial cell plasticity and heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

Advanced single-cell technologies are revolutionizing the study of vascular endothelial cells.
Understanding endothelial cell diversity is key to advancing vascular medicine and treating diseases.
Ongoing research using sophisticated omics techniques will further elucidate vascular physiology and pathology.