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Macroevolutionary patterns in marine hermaphroditism.

George C Jarvis1, Craig R White1, Dustin J Marshall1

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Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hermaphroditism, common in plants and animals, may evolve due to similar forces like competition. This study found internal fertilization and limited dispersal favor hermaphroditism in marine invertebrates, suggesting convergent evolution.

Keywords:
Biogeographyhermaphroditismlife historylocal gamete competition

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Marine Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Hermaphroditism is widespread in plants and animals, but the evolutionary drivers are debated.
  • Plant drivers (dispersal, pollination) have animal analogues (larval dispersal, fertilization).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the generality of proposed drivers of hermaphroditism across plants and animals.
  • To investigate the evolutionary pressures favoring hermaphroditism in marine invertebrates.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed data from 1153 marine invertebrate species across three phyla.
  • Compared life-history traits (fertilization mode, dispersal, body size) with hermaphroditism prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Internal fertilization, restricted offspring dispersal, and small body size correlate with higher hermaphroditism likelihood.
  • Marine invertebrates show reduced hermaphroditism at higher latitudes, unlike plants.
  • Convergent evolutionary forces, like offspring/gamete competition, appear to shape hermaphroditism.

Conclusions:

  • Offspring or gamete competition is a key driver of hermaphroditism evolution in both plants and marine invertebrates.
  • Despite differing biogeographical patterns, fundamental evolutionary pressures are shared.
  • This research highlights commonalities in reproductive strategies across diverse taxa.