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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

165
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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DNA Virus Detection System Based on RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a-SPM and Deep Learning
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CRISPR-Based Programmable Nucleic Acid-Binding Protein Technology Can Specifically Detect Fatal Tropical

Md Rashidur Rahman1, Toma Rani Majumder2, Md Aminul Islam Apu3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh.

Journal of Tropical Medicine
|October 6, 2022
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Summary

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostics offer rapid, ultrasensitive pathogen detection ideal for resource-limited settings. This technology overcomes limitations of traditional methods for infectious disease surveillance and point-of-care testing.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Background:

  • Conventional pathogen detection methods (culture, PCR) face limitations in resource-limited settings due to cost, complexity, and speed.
  • There is a critical need for rapid, sensitive, and field-deployable diagnostic tools for disease surveillance and outbreak response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas molecular technologies for pathogen detection.
  • To highlight the advantages of CRISPR-Cas systems over traditional diagnostic methods, particularly for remote and resource-limited settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on CRISPR-Cas systems (e.g., Cas12a, Cas13) for nucleic acid detection.
  • Focus on programmable guide RNA (gRNA) targeting and collateral cleavage mechanisms for enhanced sensitivity.
  • Exploration of advancements like automated multiplexing and paper-based lateral flow readouts.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems enable ultrasensitive and specific detection of RNA and DNA targets.
  • These systems offer advantages in speed, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics.
  • CRISPR-Cas technology shows promise for diagnosing tropical diseases including malaria, Zika, chikungunya, HIV-AIDS, TB, and rabies.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-Cas molecular technologies represent a significant advancement in infectious disease diagnostics.
  • Their field-deployability and high sensitivity make them ideal for addressing unmet needs in remote and resource-limited settings.
  • Further development and implementation of CRISPR-Cas diagnostics can improve global health surveillance and patient care.