Myelodysplastic Syndrome in a Patient With Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Rare Occurrence

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by impaired B-cell function and antibody production. It commonly presents with chronic sinopulmonary and gastrointestinal manifestations. It is also associated with transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. However, the association of CVID with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is rare. This case report aims to present one such rare association in a 26-year-old patient presenting with severe thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow biopsy revealed hypercellular marrow with 80-90% cellularity along with an increase in CD34 blasts. Cytogenetics revealed loss of the Y chromosome. Diagnosis of MDS with excess blasts-2 was confirmed with a Revised International Prognostic Scoring System score of 4, placing the patient in the intermediate-risk category. The patient was started on azacitidine, a hypomethylating agent. A referral to a bone marrow transplant was also done for the consideration of an allogeneic stem cell transplant.