Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

525
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
525
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

1.5K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
1.5K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

6.0K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
6.0K
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

697
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
697
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

39.7K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
39.7K
Neurons as Communicators of the Brain01:22

Neurons as Communicators of the Brain

1.5K
Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, function as the primary transmitters of information throughout the body. Their ability to communicate through electrical and chemical signals is vital for every bodily function, from regulating the heartbeat to processing complex thoughts. Each neuron has three main components: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon, each specialized to facilitate swift and efficient neural communication.
Cell Body
The cell body, also known...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

AI assists adversarial collaboration in debate on minority salience.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

The Structure of Social Situations: Insights From the Large-Scale Automated Coding of Text.

Psychological science·2026
Same author

Information sampling and Bayesian belief formation in statistical judgment.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Automated Matchmaking of Researcher Biosketches and Funder Requests for Proposals Using Deep Neural Networks.

IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions·2025
Same author

A large-scale investigation of everyday moral dilemmas.

PNAS nexus·2025
Same author

Computational analysis of 100 K choice dilemmas: Decision attributes, trade-off structures, and model-based prediction.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same journal

Why the Big Five personality traits are composites, not common causes: Implications for measurement, prediction, and causal inference.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

Perception and action as one: Re-integrating research on human action through event files.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

Associative learning explains "intuitive statistics" in animals.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

A reciprocal model of practice and skill: Navigating between dropout and expertise.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

The relative psychometric function: A general analysis framework for relating psychological processes.

Psychological review·2026
Same journal

A taxonomy of discriminatory behavior.

Psychological review·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments
05:19

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

7.1K

Free association in a neural network.

Russell Richie1, Ada Aka1, Sudeep Bhatia1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania.

Psychological Review
|October 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study applies the context maintenance and retrieval (CMR) model to word association, outperforming existing models. This advances understanding of memory retrieval dynamics and free association.

More Related Videos

Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks
11:18

Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

Published on: March 2, 2015

10.4K
Recordings of Neural Circuit Activation in Freely Behaving Animals
08:53

Recordings of Neural Circuit Activation in Freely Behaving Animals

Published on: July 22, 2009

11.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments
05:19

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

7.1K
Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks
11:18

Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

Published on: March 2, 2015

10.4K
Recordings of Neural Circuit Activation in Freely Behaving Animals
08:53

Recordings of Neural Circuit Activation in Freely Behaving Animals

Published on: July 22, 2009

11.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Free association is a key memory task, but its dynamics are poorly understood.
  • Existing models (distributed semantics, semantic networks) have limitations in explaining memory search processes.
  • Bridging free association with established memory retrieval models (e.g., for free recall) is a significant gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply a cognitive process model of memory search, the context maintenance and retrieval (CMR) model, to free association data.
  • To compare the CMR model's performance against existing distributed semantics and semantic network models.
  • To demonstrate how free association data can inform broader memory research.

Main Methods:

  • Fitting the context maintenance and retrieval (CMR) model to a large dataset of free association norms using stochastic gradient descent.
  • Evaluating CMR's predictive accuracy on out-of-sample free association data.
  • Assessing the impact of CMR training on free recall predictions.

Main Results:

  • The context maintenance and retrieval (CMR) model, a neural network model, was successfully applied to free association norms.
  • CMR outperformed existing distributed semantics and semantic network models in predicting free association.
  • Training CMR on free association data improved its predictions for free recall tasks.

Conclusions:

  • The context maintenance and retrieval (CMR) model offers a novel account of free association dynamics.
  • This research integrates theories of free association with established memory retrieval models.
  • Large datasets and neural network training methods can effectively model complex cognitive processes in memory.