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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Cause typicality and the continued influence effect.

Patrick R Rich¹, Amalia M Donovan², David N Rapp²

¹Department of Psychology, Connecticut College.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied

|October 6, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Even when corrected, people still rely on initial misinformation. The typicality of the cause did not significantly affect how well corrections worked in this study on knowledge revision.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Memory Studies
Information Processing

Background:

Corrections of causal information reduce but do not eliminate reliance on initial causes (continued influence effect).
Supplementing corrections with alternative causes can further reduce reliance on discredited information.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of cause typicality in the effectiveness of correction strategies.
To determine if the typicality of initial or alternative causes influences knowledge revision and the continued influence effect.

Main Methods:

Three experiments were conducted manipulating the typicality of initial and alternative causal information.
Participants' reliance on initial causes was assessed before and after corrections, with and without alternative causes.

Main Results:

Participants showed greater reliance on typical initial causes compared to atypical ones, both before and after corrections.
Cause typicality did not consistently impact the effectiveness of corrections.
The typicality of alternative causes did not significantly affect knowledge updating.

Conclusions:

Initial cause characteristics influence event encoding and corrections.
Cause typicality may not be a critical factor in the generalizable utility of correction strategies.
Findings identify boundary conditions for understanding knowledge revision and the continued influence effect.