Penetrating buttock trauma is morbid but rarely fatal - A South African experience

Penetrating injuries to the buttock are relatively rare but are associated with significant morbidity. This study aimed to review our experience in managing penetrating trauma to the buttocks to contextualize the injury, document the most common associated injuries, and generate an algorithm to assist with the management of these patients.

A retrospective study was conducted at a major trauma center in South Africa over 8 years (January 2012 to January 2020). All patients presenting with a penetrating buttock injury were included.

Our study included 40 patients. Gunshot wounds accounted for 93% (37/40), stab wounds accounted for 5% (2/40), and 1 case was gored by a cow. The majority (98%) underwent further investigation in the form of imaging or endoscopy. Forty percent (16/40) required surgical intervention. Of these 16 cases, 14 required a laparotomy, and 2 required gluteal exploration. Fifty-six percent (9/16) required a stoma. Five percent (2/40) experienced one or more complications, both of whom had stomas. The median length of stay for all patients was 3 days, whereas for the patients with stomas was 7 days. There were no ICU admissions or mortality in this study. Only 3 of the 9 stomas were reversed, and the median time to reversal was 16 months.

Penetrating trauma to the buttock may result in injuries to surrounding vital structures, which must be actively excluded. Rectal injury was the most common injury, and most required a defunctioning colostomy as part of the management resulting in significant morbidity.