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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

128
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
128
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
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Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

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Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
201
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Disrupted network switching in euthymic bipolar disorder: Working memory and self-referential paradigms.

D Porta-Casteràs1, M Cano2, G Navarra-Ventura3

  • 1Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|October 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bipolar disorder patients show altered brain activity during working memory and self-processing tasks, indicating potential biomarkers. These neurobiological differences persist even when patients are clinically stable.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderDefault mode networkFunctional neuroimagingMemorySelf conceptShort-term

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with persistent neurocognitive deficits, particularly in executive functions like working memory and self-processing, even during stable periods.
  • Identifying the neurobiological underpinnings of these state-independent alterations is crucial for developing reliable biomarkers in BD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural correlates of working memory and self-processing deficits in euthymic bipolar disorder patients.
  • To compare brain activation patterns between patients with BD and healthy controls (HC) during specific cognitive tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was used to assess brain activity in 27 euthymic BD patients and 25 HC.
  • Participants completed working memory (2-back vs. 1-back) and self-referential (self vs. control) tasks.

Main Results:

  • Euthymic BD patients exhibited higher ventromedial prefrontal cortex activation during working memory, attributed to a lack of deactivation.
  • BD patients showed greater dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during self-reference processing compared to HC.

Conclusions:

  • Findings indicate a lack of deactivation in the anterior default mode network (aDMN) during working memory and increased activation in the central executive network (CEN) during self-processing in BD patients.
  • An imbalance in neural network dynamics between the CEN and aDMN may represent a reliable biomarker for euthymic bipolar disorder.