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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Altered language network lateralization in euthymic bipolar patients: a pilot study.

Zaira Romeo1, Marco Marino2,3, Alessandro Angrilli1,4

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Euthymic bipolar disorder (BD) patients exhibit altered brain language networks, showing a rightward shift in language hubs. This neural asymmetry correlates with residual mania and depression symptoms, suggesting vulnerability markers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) patients in remission may still harbor underlying neural vulnerabilities.
  • The Language Network (LN) integrates high-level cognitive processes and is implicated in psychosis.
  • Crow's hypothesis suggests altered language hemispheric asymmetry in psychosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate psychobiological markers of vulnerability in euthymic BD patients.
  • To examine the Language Network (LN) asymmetry at rest using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To correlate resting-state LN activity with residual psychiatric symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI scans were performed on 18 euthymic BD patients and 16 healthy controls (HC) at rest.
  • The Language Network (LN) was identified using independent component analysis.
  • Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) of the LN time series was computed and correlated with clinical scales.

Main Results:

  • Euthymic BD patients displayed altered LN asymmetry compared to HC.
  • Increased activation was observed in the right Broca's area homolog and anterior insula.
  • Reduced activation was found in the left middle temporal gyrus.
  • fALFF in the Slow-5 band positively correlated with residual mania and negatively with depression scores.

Conclusions:

  • Euthymic BD patients exhibit a rightward shift in language network hubs, supporting Crow's hypothesis.
  • Resting-state fALFF of the LN serves as a potential biomarker for residual symptoms in BD.
  • These findings highlight neural correlates of vulnerability in the euthymic phase of bipolar disorder.