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The complement system in pediatric acute kidney injury

Erin K Stenson1, Jessica Kendrick2, Bradley Dixon3

  • 1Section of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13121 E 17th Avenue, MS8414, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. Erin.stenson@childrenscolorado.org.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|October 6, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The complement system, crucial for innate immunity, also drives kidney diseases. Targeting complement may offer new treatments for pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI).

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nephrology
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • The complement cascade is a key component of the innate immune system.
  • Uncontrolled complement activation is implicated in rare pediatric kidney diseases like atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy.
  • Emerging evidence links complement activation to the pathogenesis of common kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for complement system activation in pediatric patients with AKI.
  • To explore the role of complement proteins as potential biomarkers in AKI.
  • To discuss complement proteins as therapeutic targets for AKI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating complement activation in pediatric AKI.
  • Analysis of existing data on complement proteins in kidney disease pathogenesis.
  • Examination of current and developing complement-targeted therapeutics.

Main Results:

  • The complement system is demonstrably activated in pediatric patients experiencing AKI.
  • Specific complement proteins show potential as reliable biomarkers for AKI diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Complement pathways are viable targets for novel therapeutic interventions in AKI.

Conclusions:

  • Complement activation plays a significant role in the development and progression of pediatric AKI.
  • Complement-targeted therapies hold promise for preventing and treating AKI in children.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential of complement inhibition in AKI.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryComplementComplement inhibitors

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