Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter-Related Infectious Myositis: A Case Report

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Vascular Surgery
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are widely used for venous access.
• While generally safe, PICCs carry risks including bloodstream infections and deep venous thrombosis (DVT).
• Infectious myositis is a rare complication not previously reported with PICC insertion.

Observation:

• A case of infectious myositis and brachial DVT occurred in an immunocompromised patient with myelodysplastic syndrome post-PICC insertion.
• The patient developed septic shock despite broad-spectrum antibiotics.
• Intraoperative findings revealed infectious myositis and myonecrosis in the biceps brachii and brachial muscles.

Findings:

• Histopathological examination confirmed infectious myositis.
• Urgent surgical excision of infected necrotic muscle was performed.
• The patient survived septic shock with residual elbow dysfunction.

Implications:

• This case underscores the potential for severe infectious complications from PICCs.
• Prompt surgical debridement, in addition to antibiotics, may be crucial for managing PICC-associated infectious myositis.
• Early recognition and aggressive management are vital for patient survival and limb preservation.