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Design of an Open-Source, Low-Cost Bioink and Food Melt Extrusion 3D Printer

Design of an Open-Source, Low-Cost Bioink and Food Melt Extrusion 3D Printer

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Instrumented open-source filament extruder for research and education.

Maurício de Oliveira Filho¹, Matheus Cerqueira de Jesus¹, Anderson Zenken Nakazato¹

¹Materials and Technology Department, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Av. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333 Guaratinguetá, SP, Brazil.

|October 7, 2022

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This study developed a low-cost, highly instrumented 3D filament extruder for advanced material analysis. Higher flow rates in the developed extruder resulted in improved surface quality of the produced ABS filament.

Area of Science:

Materials Science and Engineering
Additive Manufacturing
Mechanical Engineering

Background:

3D filament manufacturing utilizes extruders, a clean technology with material reuse potential.
Open-source extruders offer cost savings but lack instrumentation, hindering process analysis and material development.
Limited instrumentation in conventional extruders restricts advancements in screw design and process control.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a low-cost 3D filament extruder with enhanced instrumentation for in-situ process analysis.
To enable detailed analysis of processing parameters and material behavior during extrusion.
To facilitate the development of new materials and improved screw designs for 3D printing.

Main Methods:

Designed and constructed a modular, low-cost extruder with an integrated circuit board for comprehensive data acquisition.

Keywords:

Circular economy Filament quality In situ process Pilot plant

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Last Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Design of an Open-Source, Low-Cost Bioink and Food Melt Extrusion 3D Printer

Design of an Open-Source, Low-Cost Bioink and Food Melt Extrusion 3D Printer

Published on: March 2, 2020

3D Printing of Biomolecular Models for Research and Pedagogy

3D Printing of Biomolecular Models for Research and Pedagogy

Published on: March 13, 2017

Fused Filament Fabrication FFF of Metal-Ceramic Components

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Published on: January 11, 2019

Implemented sensors for real-time monitoring of temperature, motor speed, motor current, and resistance.

Utilized thermal imaging for component analysis and confocal microscopy for filament surface evaluation.

Main Results:

The developed extruder successfully acquired data on temperature, motor speed, current, and resistance during operation.
Thermal imaging validated the additive manufacturing materials used in the extruder components.
Analysis revealed that higher extrusion flow rates correlate with improved surface quality in the produced ABS filament.

Conclusions:

The low-cost, instrumented extruder provides valuable in-situ process data for 3D filament manufacturing.
The findings support the optimization of extrusion parameters for enhanced filament quality.
This development advances the potential for material innovation and process control in additive manufacturing.