Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

23.9K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
23.9K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.1K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
9.1K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

14.6K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
14.6K
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

616
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
616
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

43.9K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
43.9K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

457
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
457

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cone <i>p</i>-aminocalix[4]arenes enriched with 'clickable' alkyne or azide functionalities.

Beilstein journal of organic chemistry·2026
Same author

Synthesis and crystal structure of 5,17-di-amino-11-<i>tert</i>-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetra-prop-oxy-23-[(tri-phenyl-meth-yl)amino]-calix[4]arene di-chloro-methane monosolvate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2026
Same author

Synthesis and crystal structures of 5,17-di-bromo-26,28-dihy-droxy-25,27-dipropynyloxycalix[4]arene, 5,17-di-bromo-26,28-dipropoxy-25,27-dipropynyloxycalix[4]arene and 25,27-bis-(2-azido-eth-oxy)-5,17-di-bromo-26,28-di-hydroxy-calix[4]arene.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2024
Same author

Single Excited Dual Band Luminescent Hybrid Carbon Dots-Terbium Chelate Nanothermometer.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2021
Same author

Inherently dinuclear iridium(III) <i>meso</i> architectures accessed by cyclometalation of calix[4]arene-based bis(aryltriazoles).

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2021
Same author

Influence of <i>exo</i>-Adamantyl Groups and <i>endo</i>-OH Functions on the Threading of Calix[6]arene Macrocycle.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.2K

Switchable silver-ion complexation by triazolated calix[4]semitubes.

Maria Malakhova1, Alexander Gorbunov1, Ivan Lentin1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia. vatsouro@petrol.chem.msu.ru.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|October 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored how triazolated calix[4]semitubes bind silver ions (Ag+). They found that the arrangement of binding sites influences cation complexation, enabling potential applications in molecular switches.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
04:51

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

3.2K
Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

10.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 26, 2025

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.2K
Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
04:51

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

3.2K
Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

10.7K

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Host-Guest Chemistry
  • Molecular Recognition

Background:

  • Calixarenes are versatile macrocyclic compounds with tunable properties.
  • Triazolated calix[4]semitubes offer unique multitopic binding environments.
  • Understanding cation binding in complex architectures is crucial for molecular device design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complexation of silver ions (Ag+) by triazolated calix[4]semitubes.
  • To explore the influence of crown-ether loops and cation binding (K+) on Ag+ complexation.
  • To determine the structure-specific and switchable cation binding capabilities of these semitubular systems.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of triazolated calix[4]semitubes with varying numbers of calixarene cores and crown-ether loops.
  • Preparation of crowned bis- and triscalixarene semitubes.
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (specifically 1H NMR) to study cation complexation and ion migration.

Main Results:

  • Ag+ complexation in triazolated calix[4]semitubes primarily involves intramolecular cation migration between binding sites.
  • The presence and position of crown-5-ether loops significantly influence Ag+ and K+ binding modes.
  • Crowned biscalixarene semitubes exhibit switchable binding between heterodinuclear (Ag+/K+) and single-nuclear complexes.
  • In crowned triscalixarene systems, K+ binding can stabilize Ag+ complexes and halt cation migration, demonstrating potential for molecular switching.

Conclusions:

  • Triazolated calix[4]semitubes exhibit structure-dependent cation binding capabilities.
  • The strategic placement of crown-ether moieties allows for control over cation complexation and ion migration.
  • These findings highlight the potential of triscalixarene semitubular frameworks for developing sophisticated multipositioned molecular switches.