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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Incomplete Dominance01:43

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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Quantifying Abdominal Pigmentation in Drosophila melanogaster
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Eco-Evo-Devo of petal pigmentation patterning.

Alice L M Fairnie1, May T S Yeo1,2, Stefano Gatti1

  • 1The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, U.K.

Essays in Biochemistry
|October 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Flower petal patterns, driven by cell pigmentation, are key to plant functions. Recent research illuminates the ecological, evolutionary, and developmental (Eco-Evo-Devo) mechanisms behind these colorful displays, revealing new avenues for study.

Keywords:
Petaldevelopmentevolutionpatterningpigmentspollination

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Petal pigmentation patterns (spots, stripes, rings) serve crucial ecological roles.
  • These patterns arise from spatial differences in epidermal cell pigmentation.
  • Recent advances offer insights into the control of petal pattern formation, function, and evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on the Eco-Evo-Devo of petal pigmentation patterns.
  • To discuss key unanswered questions and future research directions in petal patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on petal pigmentation.
  • Synthesis of findings related to ecological, evolutionary, and developmental aspects.

Main Results:

  • Petal patterns are complex systems for studying multiscale biological problems.
  • New data illuminate cellular decision-making and the origins of biodiversity.
  • Petal patterning involves more than previously understood, opening new research areas.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding petal pigmentation patterns offers insights into microscale cell behavior and macroscale biodiversity.
  • The field of petal patterning is rapidly advancing, with significant potential for future discoveries.