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A Psychometric Investigation of the Hate-Motivated Behavior Checklist
Robert J Cramer1, Samantha C Cacace1, Mariah Sorby2
1UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
|October 7, 2022
Summary
This study refined the Hate-Motivated Behavior Checklist (HMBC), finding a binary scoring method effective for measuring bias-based behavior and motivations across diverse groups. Men reported higher hate-motivated behavior scores, with political affiliation being the most common target.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Criminology
- Sociology
Background:
- Hate-motivated behavior (HMB) measurement is limited, often focusing on specific groups and lacking assessment of the full behavioral range and motivations.
- Existing instruments do not capture the continuum of HMB, from microaggressions to criminal acts, nor the diverse motivations behind bias-based actions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a psychometric evaluation of the Hate-Motivated Behavior Checklist (HMBC) to improve HMB measurement.
- To assess the HMBC's reliability and validity in capturing HMB perpetration, target groups, and perpetrator motivations.
- To adapt and validate the HMBC for broader application in research, surveillance, and intervention.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional online survey of 463 adults and college students assessed HMB using the HMBC, alongside demographic and social-political characteristics.
- Psychometric analyses included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), item response theory (IRT), between-groups analyses (ANOVA), and descriptive statistics.
- The HMBC's behavior score was evaluated using its original scoring and a binary (no/yes) scoring adaptation.
Main Results:
- The original HMBC behavior score showed poor model fit, while the binary-scored version demonstrated good model fit and high reliability.
- Men reported significantly higher HMB scores than women.
- HMB most frequently targeted individuals based on political affiliation, with perceived intrusion cited as the primary perpetrator motivation.
Conclusions:
- The binary scoring adaptation of the HMBC offers a reliable and valid method for measuring hate-motivated behavior across diverse populations and motivations.
- The refined HMBC is a promising tool for advancing research, surveillance, and intervention strategies for hate-motivated behavior.
- Future research should explore the HMBC's utility with extremist/criminal samples and validate its binary scoring with behavioral outcomes.
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