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SU(2) gauge theory with 24 massless fermions is noninteracting at long distances. Massive fermions cause decoupling, leading to confining SU(2) pure gauge theory behavior, confirmed by lattice simulations.

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Area of Science:

  • High Energy Physics
  • Quantum Field Theory
  • Lattice Gauge Theory

Background:

  • SU(2) gauge theory with 24 massless fermions exhibits an infrared fixed point, suggesting non-interacting behavior at long distances.
  • The introduction of massive fermions is expected to alter the theory's infrared properties, leading to fermion decoupling and confinement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the infrared behavior of SU(2) gauge theory with massive fermions.
  • To demonstrate the transition from a non-interacting theory to a confining theory non-perturbatively.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing lattice Monte Carlo simulations.
  • Measuring the gradient flow running coupling to probe the theory's behavior at different energy scales.

Main Results:

  • The study confirms that with massive fermions, the SU(2) gauge theory exhibits confining behavior at low energies.
  • Lattice simulations provide non-perturbative evidence for fermion decoupling and the emergence of confinement.

Conclusions:

  • The infrared behavior of SU(2) gauge theory is sensitive to fermion mass.
  • Massive fermions drive the system towards a confining phase, consistent with theoretical expectations for pure gauge SU(2) theory.