Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

5.6K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
5.6K
Hearing01:31

Hearing

52.9K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
52.9K
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

8.7K
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
8.7K
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

9.4K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
9.4K
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

45.7K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
45.7K
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

401
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
401

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Eosinophil cationic protein-driven type 2 inflammation impairs olfactory function in a murine model.

Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]·2026
Same author

Development of high protein 3D printed dysphagia salmon analogs based on walnut protein-egg white protein emulsion gels.

Food chemistry·2026
Same author

Tail-Suspension Model of Simulated Microgravity-Induced Functional Dyspepsia in Rats: Behavioral, Motility, and Brain-Gut Peptide Alterations.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Recent advances and critical insights of cellulose nanocrystals in active food packaging.

Critical reviews in food science and nutrition·2026
Same author

Probiotic fermented Dendrobium beverages: Effect of co-probiotic strains on the flavor composition and bioactive constituents.

Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)·2026
Same author

The Effect of Polysaccharides and Saponins from <i>Polygonatum kingianum</i> on Cognitive Dysfunction in an AlCl<sub>3</sub>-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Zebrafish Model.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
09:44

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Published on: January 25, 2016

19.3K

TNN is first linked to auditory neuropathy.

Fei Lu1, Pengfei Liang1, Bei Fan1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|October 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Genetic variants in the TNN gene cause autosomal recessive nonsyndromic auditory neuropathy. Tenascin-W is crucial for spiral ganglion neuron development and auditory system function.

Keywords:
Auditory neuropathyCochleaHearing lossSGNsSpiral ganglion neuronsTenascin-W

More Related Videos

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

12.0K
Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve
11:27

Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Published on: March 18, 2013

9.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
09:44

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Published on: January 25, 2016

19.3K
Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
09:54

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

12.0K
Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve
11:27

Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Published on: March 18, 2013

9.2K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic auditory neuropathy (ARNSH) is a hearing disorder with a genetic basis.
  • The TNN gene, encoding tenascin-W, is implicated in ARNSH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic etiology of ARNSH in a specific pedigree.
  • To elucidate the role of tenascin-W in auditory system development and function.

Main Methods:

  • Candidate gene screening and exome sequencing identified TNN variants.
  • Tenenascin-W expression was analyzed in mouse cochleae (mRNA and protein).
  • Tnn knockout mouse models were used to study auditory function.

Main Results:

  • Compound heterozygous missense variants in TNN (c.G736A and c.C2954T) were found in affected individuals.
  • Tenenascin-W is expressed in mouse spiral ganglion neurons.
  • Tnn knockout mice exhibited lethality in homozygous state, while heterozygous mice showed reduced spiral ganglion neuron density and progressive hearing loss.

Conclusions:

  • Tenenascin-W is essential for spiral ganglion neuron development in the murine cochlea.
  • Abnormal tenascin-W expression impacts spiral ganglion neuron development and auditory system function.
  • TNN gene variants are a cause of ARNSH.