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Does coastal armoring affect biodiversity and its functional composition on sandy beaches?

Ivan R A Laurino1, Hélio H Checon2, Guilherme N Corte3

  • 1Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, CEP: 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Marine Environmental Research
|October 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Coastal armoring reduces sandy beach fauna abundance and taxonomic richness, impacting biodiversity. While overall functional richness remains unchanged, specific functional groups shift, with armored beaches favoring smaller species and vegetated beaches supporting larger ones.

Keywords:
Benthic macrofaunaCoastal squeezeFunctional traitsSea-level riseSeawall

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Area of Science:

  • Marine ecology
  • Coastal geomorphology
  • Biodiversity research

Background:

  • Sandy beaches face increasing pressure from coastal armoring and global changes.
  • Coastal armoring alters sediment dynamics, leading to erosion and habitat loss.
  • These impacts threaten sandy beach biodiversity and ecosystem functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of coastal armoring on sandy beach fauna.
  • To compare macrobenthic infaunal and upper-beach arthropod communities between armored and vegetated beaches.
  • To assess changes in abundance, taxonomic richness, and functional richness due to coastal armoring.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of macrobenthic infaunal communities on five armored and five vegetated beaches.
  • Evaluation of upper-beach arthropod abundance and biomass using pitfall traps on both beach types.
  • Analysis of taxonomic and functional richness of sandy beach fauna.

Main Results:

  • Armored beaches exhibited lower infaunal richness and abundance, particularly in subtidal zones, with reduced polychaete and mollusk populations.
  • No significant difference in overall functional richness was observed between armored and vegetated beaches.
  • Functional groups shifted: small suspension feeders were more common on armored beaches, while larger species and predators dominated vegetated beaches.
  • Coastal armoring led to a decrease in the abundance and biomass of the coleopteran Phaleria testacea.

Conclusions:

  • Coastal armoring significantly impacts the abundance and biomass of sandy beach macrofauna.
  • Armoring influences the functional composition of beach biodiversity, favoring certain groups over others.
  • The findings highlight the ecological consequences of coastal infrastructure on sandy beach ecosystems.