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The crucial interactions between climate and soil.

Giacomo Certini1, Riccardo Scalenghe2

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50144 Firenze, Italy.

The Science of the Total Environment
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Summary

Soil science recognizes climate as a key soil-forming factor, but soils also influence climate. Effective soil management, focusing on organic matter and water retention, is crucial for climate change mitigation.

Keywords:
Anthropogenic soilsEmissions tradingGreenhouse gases (GHG)Land surface albedoSoil organic matter (SOM)Soil water retention

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Area of Science:

  • Soil Science
  • Climatology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Climate is a recognized soil-forming factor alongside parent material, time, topography, and organisms.
  • Soils and their management also significantly influence climate patterns and changes.
  • Human activities increasingly shape topography and soil properties impacting climate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the intricate interrelationships between climate change and soil formation factors.
  • To analyze how each soil-forming factor (parent material, time, topography, organisms) interacts with climate.
  • To highlight the role of soil management in mitigating climate change.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on soil science and climatology.
  • Analysis of the feedback mechanisms between soil properties and climate.
  • Examination of the impact of human activities on soil and climate.

Main Results:

  • Parent material influences soil's water and organic matter retention, key climate drivers.
  • Extreme climate events can disrupt pedogenesis, while topography's role is increasingly human-modified.
  • Declining soil biodiversity due to climate change poses risks; promoting vegetation and soil organic matter is vital.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal soil management for climate change mitigation involves enhancing vegetation growth, soil organic matter, and water retention.
  • Initiatives like the Great Green Wall of Africa and conservation agriculture offer scalable solutions.
  • Extending successful soil management practices globally is essential for maximizing soil's contribution to climate mitigation.