ATF3 in atherosclerosis: a controversial transcription factor

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Biology
• Molecular Medicine
• Gene Regulation

Background:

• Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular disease globally.
• Transcription factors are crucial regulators of cellular processes and disease progression in atherosclerosis.
• Activated transcription factor 3 (ATF3), part of the ATF/cAMP response element binding (CREB) family, modulates gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the mechanism, structure, and pathophysiological roles of ATF3 in atherosclerosis.
• To elucidate the distinct functions of ATF3 in different cell types involved in atherosclerosis.
• To explore the therapeutic potential of ATF3 for atherosclerosis treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on ATF3's role in atherosclerosis.
• Analysis of ATF3's function in vascular endothelial cells, macrophages, and liver cells.
• Examination of ATF3's structure and its impact on gene transcription.

Main Results:

• ATF3 overexpression in endothelial cells exacerbates oxidative stress and inflammation.
• In macrophages and liver cells, ATF3 acts as an anti-inflammatory agent and promotes cholesterol metabolism.
• ATF3 exhibits context-dependent roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

• ATF3 has a complex, cell-specific role in atherosclerosis.
• Targeting ATF3 presents a potential therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis.
• Understanding ATF3's dual functions is key for developing novel cardiovascular disease treatments.