[Advance in pathogenesis of oligodendrocytes-associated autism spectrum disorder]

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Developmental Biology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a significant neurodevelopmental condition in children, posing substantial burdens due to diagnostic challenges, chronic nature, and limited curability.
• Emerging research implicates abnormal myelination, stemming from dysregulation in oligodendroglial lineage cells, as a key factor in ASD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the critical role of oligodendroglial lineage cells in myelination.
• To examine the mechanisms through which improper differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of these cells contribute to the development of ASD.
• To provide insights for the precise prevention and control of ASD and related neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent research on oligodendroglial lineage cells and autism spectrum disorder.
• Analysis of studies focusing on myelination defects and their connection to neurodevelopmental pathways.
• Synthesis of findings regarding the impact of oligodendroglial cell dynamics on ASD etiology.

Main Results:

• Oligodendrocytes are crucial for normal neurodevelopment.
• Defects in oligodendroglial lineage cells, including abnormal differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, are recognized as central to ASD pathogenesis.
• Imbalances in these cells disrupt proper myelination, contributing to the neurobiological underpinnings of ASD.

Conclusions:

• Dysfunctional oligodendroglial lineage cells and subsequent aberrant myelination are key contributors to autism spectrum disorder.
• Further elucidation of oligodendroglial roles in ASD development is essential for targeted therapeutic strategies.
• Understanding these cellular mechanisms offers a pathway toward improved prevention and management of ASD.