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Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo
Published on: September 18, 2014
Recent insights into innate immune nucleic acid sensing during viral infection
1School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Abstract:
Recent advances in our understanding of nucleic acid pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) sensing of viruses have revealed a previously unappreciated level of complexity of the host antiviral response. As well as direct recognition of viral nucleic acid by PRRs, viruses also induce the release of host nucleic acid from the nucleus and mitochondria into the cytosol, which boosts nucleic acid activation of antiviral PRRs. Crosstalk and cooperation between DNA- and RNA-recognition signaling pathways has also been revealed, as has direct restriction of viral genomes in an interferon-independent manner by PRRs, and new roles for inflammasomes in sensing viral nucleic acid. Further, newly identified viral-evasion strategies targeting PRR pathways emphasize the importance of nucleic acid detection during viral infection at the host-pathogen innate immune interface.
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