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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice
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Bladder dysfunction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reflects clinical severity: A pilot study.

Jamshid Faraji1, Connor Gustafson1, Dennis Bettenson1

  • 1Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada.

Journal of Neuroimmunology
|October 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows that the voided stain on paper (VSOP) method reliably measures bladder dysfunction in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). VSOP reflects disease severity and inflammation, offering a non-motor assessment for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Keywords:
Bladder functionExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)MicturitionMultiple sclerosis (MS)Non-motor symptomsPreclinical modelStressVoided stain on paper

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently causes bladder dysfunction, impacting urination control.
  • Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) serves as a mouse model to study MS-related pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bladder function in the EAE mouse model using the voided stain on paper (VSOP) method.
  • To correlate bladder dysfunction with disease progression and inflammatory markers in EAE.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the voided stain on paper (VSOP) test to assess bladder function in EAE mice.
  • Measured urine voided volume per micturition (UVVM) at different time points post-induction.
  • Correlated UVVM with clinical EAE scores and plasma granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels.

Main Results:

  • Bladder dysfunction, indicated by altered UVVM, correlated with EAE pro-inflammatory processes and clinical symptom severity.
  • UVVM showed distinct patterns: increased on day 7 and decreased on day 14 post-induction.
  • Early life stress (animal transportation) negatively impacted UVVM in EAE mice.

Conclusions:

  • The VSOP method is a reliable non-motor assessment tool for evaluating EAE symptoms and progression.
  • Bladder dysfunction in EAE is linked to inflammation and disease severity.
  • VSOP can detect environmental influences like stress on disease manifestation.