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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
352
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
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Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch
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Common Conditions II: Acute Appendicitis, Intussusception, and Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Patrick N Nguyen1, Adam Petchers1, Sarah Choksi1

  • 1General Surgery Division, Albany Medical College, 6th Floor, 50 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12008, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|October 9, 2022
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Summary

Pediatric perforated appendicitis causes significant illness. Ultrasound is now the preferred initial imaging, with ongoing debates in medical and surgical treatment strategies for appendicitis and related pediatric gastrointestinal conditions.

Keywords:
AppendicitisGastrointestinal bleedingIntussusceptionPediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Perforated appendicitis is a major cause of childhood morbidity.
  • Ultrasound is increasingly replacing CT scans for initial diagnosis.
  • Optimal management strategies for appendicitis remain under discussion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss current controversies in the medical and surgical management of perforated appendicitis in children.
  • To outline the diagnostic and management approach for intussusception and pediatric gastrointestinal bleeding.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current practices and literature regarding pediatric appendicitis.
  • Description of diagnostic pathways for intussusception, including clinical assessment, ultrasound, and enema reduction.
  • Discussion of indications for surgical intervention (laparoscopy) and differential diagnosis of pediatric gastrointestinal bleeding.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for suspected appendicitis.
  • Image-guided reduction enema is the initial management for intussusception.
  • Laparoscopy is preferred for surgical cases unless bowel resection is necessary.
  • Pediatric gastrointestinal bleeding diagnosis relies on age, history, and physical exam, sometimes supplemented by endoscopy or laparoscopy.

Conclusions:

  • Current imaging and management protocols for pediatric gastrointestinal emergencies like appendicitis and intussusception are evolving.
  • Diagnostic approaches leverage ultrasound and clinical evaluation, with surgical intervention reserved for specific indications.
  • Further research may clarify optimal treatment pathways for these conditions.