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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Cannabidiol in canine epilepsy.

Heidrun Potschka1, Sofie F M Bhatti2, Andrea Tipold3

  • 1Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.

Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cannabidiol (CBD) shows promise for canine epilepsy, but more research is needed. Current studies indicate CBD is safe, though its effectiveness for epilepsy in dogs remains uncertain, requiring further clinical trials.

Keywords:
CannabisEpileptic seizureIntractable epilepsyPharmacoresistancePhytocannabinoids

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Pharmacology
  • Cannabinoid Research

Background:

  • Cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated anticonvulsant properties in animal and human studies.
  • Veterinary use of CBD for epilepsy is increasing due to public interest, despite limited scientific evidence.
  • Existing pharmacokinetic data in dogs show low oral bioavailability and significant first-pass liver metabolism for CBD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current scientific literature on the use of CBD for epilepsy in dogs.
  • To assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of CBD in canine epilepsy.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and recommend future research directions for CBD in veterinary neurology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of animal models, human trials, pharmacokinetic studies, tolerability studies, and clinical trials involving CBD in dogs.
  • Analysis of existing data on CBD bioavailability, safety profiles, and seizure reduction in canine epilepsy models and clinical cases.
  • Evaluation of the quality and consistency of commercially available CBD products.

Main Results:

  • CBD is generally safe and well-tolerated in dogs, with mild to moderate side effects.
  • CBD bioavailability in dogs can be enhanced by oil-based formulations or co-administration with food.
  • Clinical trial results for CBD efficacy in canine epilepsy are conflicting, with one study showing no difference from placebo and another suggesting potential benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence is insufficient to establish clear recommendations for using CBD in canine epilepsy.
  • Pharmaceutical quality control of CBD products is crucial due to significant variability.
  • Large-scale, randomized controlled canine trials are essential to determine optimal dosing, therapeutic plasma concentrations, and efficacy in drug-refractory epilepsy.