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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...

Mechanism of heat transfer

Mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...

Capillarity in Fluid

Capillarity in Fluid

Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

Published on: April 10, 2017

Capillary-Driven Boiling Heat Transfer on Superwetting Microgrooves.

Yimin Li^1,2, Xiaolong Yang^1,2,3, Xu Tian^1,2

¹College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China.

|October 10, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New microgroove wicks enhance heat transfer for advanced cooling systems. These wicks improve liquid replenishment and thermal conductivity, enabling efficient boiling heat transfer even in challenging conditions.

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Last Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

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Published on: April 10, 2017

Scalable Stamp Printing and Fabrication of Hemiwicking Surfaces

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Published on: December 18, 2018

Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow

Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow

Published on: April 30, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Heat Transfer Engineering
Nanotechnology

Background:

Boiling is crucial for cooling high-power-density systems.
Existing wicks struggle with liquid replenishment due to insufficient capillary force.
Advanced cooling solutions are needed for demanding applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop novel microgroove wicks for enhanced boiling heat transfer.
To investigate the impact of microstructures on wick performance.
To improve the efficiency of phase change cooling devices.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of microgroove wicks on copper substrates using ultraviolet nanosecond pulsed laser milling.
Characterization of microstructures, including microcavities and hierarchical features.
Experimental evaluation of boiling heat transfer in a visualized flat heat pipe.

Main Results:

Laser milling created dense microcavities on microgroove surfaces.
Hierarchical microstructures enhanced wick wettability and capillary action.
Sustainable liquid replenishment was achieved, even under antigravity conditions.
A 33-fold improvement in equivalent thermal conductivity was observed compared to the copper base.

Conclusions:

The novel microgroove wicks significantly improve boiling heat transfer performance.
The developed wicks offer a viable solution for high-performance phase change cooling.
This research provides a foundation for designing advanced cooling devices.