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Respiratory Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Relation with Dysautonomia
Meghashree Sampath1, Geetanjali Bade1, Vinay Goyal2
1Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology
|October 10, 2022
Summary
Parkinson's disease patients show decreased heart rate variability, indicating autonomic dysfunction. This dysfunction correlates with increased airway resistance, suggesting pulmonary impairment in PD patients.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Neurology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting motor function.
- Autonomic dysfunction is a common, often overlooked, comorbidity in PD, impacting multiple organ systems.
- Altered autonomic control in PD may manifest as changes in airway caliber and pulmonary function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between pulmonary impairment and autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease patients.
- To correlate objective measures of airway resistance with heart rate variability parameters in PD.
Main Methods:
- Thirty Parkinson's disease patients were enrolled.
- Autonomic function was assessed using 5-minute heart rate (HR) variability recordings.
- Pulmonary function was evaluated using impulse oscillometry (IOS) and spirometry, with IOS measuring airway impedance via sound waves.
Main Results:
- Significant reductions in SDSD, RMSSD, and total power of HR variability were observed between disease stages, indicating worsening autonomic dysfunction.
- Airway resistance at 20 Hz (R20) showed a positive correlation with SDSD, RMSSD, and high frequency (HF) power, linking autonomic changes to pulmonary resistance.
Conclusions:
- Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease is associated with measurable changes in pulmonary function.
- Alterations in the parasympathetic nervous system, due to dysautonomia, may lead to increased airway resistance in PD patients.
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