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Related Concept Videos

Testes: Gross Anatomy01:19

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The testes, also known as testicles, are the male gonads. They are housed within the scrotum, a sac-like structure located beneath the penis. The scrotum's primary role is to regulate the temperature of the testes, which is crucial for sperm production.
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A tough, fibrous membrane, the tunica albuginea, covers the testes, extending inward to form fibrous partitions or septa, dividing them into internal compartments called lobules. Each lobule has 1 to 3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules where sperm production occurs. These tubules merge into a tubular network at the back of the testis, known as the rete testis. It connects to 15 to 20 efferent ductules, leading to the epididymis.
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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Longitudinal Intussusception Vasoepididymostomy to Treat Epididymal Obstructive Azoospermia
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A case of supernumerary testis.

Lianne Pickett1, Niall Davis1, Mark Quinlan2

  • 1Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

BJR Case Reports
|October 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Polyorchidism, a rare congenital condition of having supernumerary testes, presents diagnostic challenges. This case highlights radiological diagnosis in a patient with a history of cryptorchidism, emphasizing careful consideration of management.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Polyorchidism is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of more than two testes.
  • It is often discovered incidentally during surgery for other conditions.
  • Supernumerary testes may present as a paratesticular mass, requiring radiological diagnosis.

Observation:

  • A 40-year-old male with a history of childhood cryptorchidism presented with a supernumerary testis.
  • The condition was diagnosed radiologically.
  • Polyorchidism is associated with an increased risk of testicular malignancy, particularly in cases of cryptorchidism.

Findings:

  • Radiological diagnosis of a supernumerary testis was achieved.
  • The patient had a history of surgically managed cryptorchidism.

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  • The supernumerary testis may have reproductive function, complicating surgical management decisions.

    • Implications:

    • Radiological diagnosis is crucial for managing polyorchidism.
    • The increased risk of malignancy in polyorchidism, especially with cryptorchidism, warrants careful monitoring.
    • Reproductive function of the supernumerary testis must be considered, potentially contraindicating surgical removal.