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Updated: Aug 26, 2025

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DIRAS3, GPR171 and RAC2 were identified as the key molecular patterns associated with brain metastasis of breast

Ji Dai1, Qi Chen1, Guoqing Li1

  • 1General Surgery I (Thyroid, Breast, Vascular, Hernia Surgery), People's Hospital of Zhenhai, Ningbo, China.

Frontiers in Oncology
|October 10, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Brain metastasis in breast cancer is driven by down-regulated genes like GPR171, DIRAS3, and RAC2. GPR171 promotes metastasis by influencing B cells, highlighting potential therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Brain metastasis is a major cause of mortality in breast cancer patients.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of brain metastasis is crucial for developing effective therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key genes and pathways involved in breast cancer brain metastasis.
  • To explore the prognostic value of identified genes and their correlation with immune cells.

Main Methods:

  • Differential gene expression analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE12276 datasets.
  • Intersection of differentially expressed genes, followed by LASSO model construction for prognostic gene screening.
  • Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and correlation analysis with immune cells.

Main Results:

  • Identified 24 intersecting genes associated with brain metastasis.
  • Developed a 5-gene prognostic model, with GBP2, GPR171, DIRAS3, and RAC2 found to be downregulated in metastatic tumors.
  • GPR171, DIRAS3, and RAC2 correlated with overall survival; GPR171 and RAC2 showed strong correlation with B cells and macrophages.

Conclusions:

  • DIRAS3, GPR171, and RAC2 expression is reduced in metastatic breast cancer.
  • GPR171 promotes breast cancer brain metastasis, potentially by inducing B cells.
Keywords:
DIRAS3bioinformatic analysisbrain metastasisbreast cancerimmune cells

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