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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Rat Model for Weight-Bearing Intervention to Investigate Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
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Author Spotlight: Developing a Rat Model for Weight-Bearing Intervention to Investigate Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

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Steroid-induced osteonecrosis.

Francesca Motta1,2, Suraj Timilsina3, M Eric Gershwin3

  • 1IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital - Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.

Journal of Translational Autoimmunity
|October 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis, often affecting the femoral head, is a severe complication. Early diagnosis via MRI aids management, potentially preventing irreversible bone damage and joint replacement.

Keywords:
Adverse eventAseptic osteonecrosisChronic inflammationProsthesisSafety

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Glucocorticoids are widely used, increasing the risk of osteonecrosis.
  • Osteonecrosis commonly affects the femoral head, leading to hip osteoarthritis.
  • Pathogenesis involves genetic, vascular, and cellular factors causing bone ischemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis.
  • To outline risk factors, diagnostic methods, and staging.
  • To discuss management strategies for this complication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of osteonecrosis associated with glucocorticoid use.
  • Analysis of pathogenesis, risk factors, and clinical presentation.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic imaging and treatment options.

Main Results:

  • Glucocorticoid use is a significant risk factor for osteonecrosis.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for early diagnosis.
  • Management ranges from conservative options to joint replacement.

Conclusions:

  • Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis is a serious condition requiring careful monitoring.
  • Timely diagnosis and management can mitigate debilitating effects.
  • Understanding pathogenesis is key to developing preventative strategies.