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Florence "blues" are clothed in triple basic terms.

Maria Michela Del Viva, Ilaria Mariani, Carmen De Caro1

  • 1NEUROFARBA, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy.

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|October 10, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tuscan Italian speakers use three basic color terms (BCTs) for blue: blu, azzurro, and celeste. This contrasts with other Italian regions, suggesting unique linguistic categorization of blue shades in Tuscany.

Keywords:
BLUE area color namingCIELABFlorenceItalian blue basic termsTuscany

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Linguistic Color Research
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Italian has multiple basic color terms (BCTs) for blue, with regional variations.
  • Tuscan speakers may differentiate light and medium blue using 'azzurro' and 'celeste', alongside 'blu' for dark blue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the 'basicness' of the three blue color terms (blu, azzurro, celeste) in Tuscan Italian.
  • To determine if Tuscan speakers linguistically categorize the blue spectrum using these three terms.

Main Methods:

  • An unconstrained color-naming experiment using 237 Munsell chips across the blue spectrum.
  • Participants (N=31 Tuscan university students/graduates) named chips and identified focal colors for each term.
  • Color terms' referential meaning was analyzed in CIELAB space.

Main Results:

  • Frequencies of 'blu', 'azzurro', and 'celeste' were comparable.
  • The three terms showed distinct referential meanings in CIELAB space, primarily differentiated by lightness (L*-dimension).
  • 'Celeste' was identified as a third BCT for blue in Tuscany.

Conclusions:

  • Tuscan speakers utilize three distinct basic color terms for blue, categorized by lightness.
  • 'Celeste' functions as a third BCT for blue in Tuscany, unlike in Verona or Alghero.
  • This highlights regional variation in basic color term systems within Italy.