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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
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Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
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Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

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Glycemic Control and Bone in Diabetes.

David R Weber1, Fanxin Long2, Babette S Zemel3,4

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia,, PA, USA.

Current Osteoporosis Reports
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PubMed
Summary

Diabetes and poor glycemic control negatively impact bone health, increasing fracture risk. Research highlights cellular mechanisms and complications contributing to bone fragility, especially in youth-onset type 2 diabetes.

Keywords:
BoneDiabetesDysglycemiaFractureOsteoblastOsteoclast

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus affects bone health, increasing fracture risk.
  • Glycemic control is crucial for maintaining skeletal integrity.
  • Cellular mechanisms linking diabetes to bone fragility require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding diabetes's impact on bone health.
  • To explore the cellular and molecular pathways affected by impaired glucose metabolism.
  • To identify factors contributing to bone fragility in diabetic individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on diabetes and bone health.
  • Analysis of cellular mechanisms affecting osteoblasts and bone formation.
  • Examination of epidemiological data on fracture risk in diabetes.

Main Results:

  • Glucose is vital for osteoblast differentiation and function.
  • Insulin signaling plays a role in bone formation.
  • Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are associated with elevated fracture risk.
  • Cortical bone micro-pores, micro-vascular issues, and AGEs contribute to fragility.
  • Youth-onset T2D poses risks to peak bone mass and long-term skeletal health.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes significantly impairs bone health through various mechanisms.
  • Hyperglycemia, inflammation, and microvascular damage are key factors.
  • Further research is needed across the lifespan, particularly for youth-onset T2D.