Immersive Virtual Reality in Basic Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Ultrasound Technology
• Virtual Reality Applications

Background:

• Traditional instructor-led lessons are standard for teaching point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS).
• Immersive virtual reality (IVR) presents a novel, self-directed learning modality.
• Evaluating the comparative efficacy and cost-effectiveness of IVR versus traditional methods is crucial for medical training innovation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the learning efficacy of a self-directed IVR lesson with a traditional instructor-led lesson for basic PoCUS skills.
• To assess the non-inferiority of IVR-based training compared to conventional instruction.
• To analyze the cost implications of both training modalities.

Main Methods:

• A blinded, non-inferiority, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted.
• Final-year medical students were allocated to either an instructor-led group (n=53) or an IVR group (n=51).
• Learning efficacy was assessed using the Objective Structured Assessment of Ultrasound Skills (OSAUS) by blinded evaluators.

Main Results:

• No statistically significant differences were found in overall OSAUS scores between the instructor-led (mean=11.0) and IVR (mean=10.3) groups (p=0.36).
• Subgroup analyses for familiarity, image optimization, systematic approach, and interpretation also showed no significant differences.
• Startup costs for IVR were substantially lower (16 times less) than for the instructor-led course, with similar maintenance costs.

Conclusions:

• Self-directed learning in IVR is a viable and equivalent alternative to traditional instructor-led lessons for basic PoCUS skills acquisition.
• IVR training demonstrates comparable learning outcomes to traditional methods at a significantly lower initial investment.
• Further research is recommended to fully elucidate the role and integration of IVR in comprehensive PoCUS education.