Microalgae-based biotechnological sequestration of carbon dioxide for net zero emissions

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Biotechnology
• Chemical Engineering

Background:

• Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels pose a significant threat to global environmental sustainability.
• Achieving net zero emissions necessitates integrated strategies for CO2 reduction and sequestration.
• The circular carbon bioeconomy (CCE) offers a framework for economic growth alongside environmental goals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review microalgae-based approaches for carbon dioxide (CO2) biosequestration.
• To explore CO2 valorization and biofuel production using microalgae within the CCE.
• To identify challenges and future perspectives in microalgal CO2 management.

Main Methods:

• Discussion of microalgae cultivation techniques, including flue gas utilization.
• Analysis of biotechnological strategies for enhancing CO2 biosequestration efficiency.
• Examination of technological innovations in microalgal cultivation and CO2 valorization.

Main Results:

• Microalgae present a viable biological solution for CO2 capture and conversion.
• Biotechnological and technological advancements can significantly improve CO2 biosequestration rates.
• CO2 valorization via microalgae enables biofuel production and contributes to the CCE.

Conclusions:

• Microalgae-based CO2 biosequestration and valorization are crucial for environmental sustainability and net zero emissions.
• Further innovation in cultivation and biotechnological approaches is needed to overcome current challenges.
• Harnessing microalgae supports the development of a circular carbon bioeconomy.