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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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U(VI) removal from diluted aqueous systems by sorption-flotation.

Carolina Constantin1, Ioana-Carmen Popescu2, Ovidiu Oprea1

  • 1Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University "POLITEHNICA" of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest 6, Romania.

Scientific Reports
|October 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Uranium (VI) removal from mine water is improved using a novel Sorption/Flotation technique. This method achieves over 98% removal efficiency, even in complex, carbonate-rich environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Treatment Technologies
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Uranium mining legacies pose environmental risks due to contaminated water discharge.
  • Existing U(VI) removal methods face challenges, especially in carbonate-rich waters.
  • Previous research using lab-synthesized nanomaterials (NMS) showed limited U(VI) removal (50%) in 30 minutes due to stable complex formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the Sorption/Flotation technique for U(VI) removal from diluted aqueous systems.
  • To generate an in situ sorbent (Fe2O3·nH2O) and use sodium oleate surfactant.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of the Sorption/Flotation process and optimize parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Sorption/Flotation technique utilizing in situ generated Fe2O3·nH2O and sodium oleate.
  • Systematic study of influencing factors: pH, sorbent dose, surfactant concentration, contact time, stirring rate, U(VI) concentration, air pressure, and co-existing heavy metals.
  • Validation of optimal parameters on real mine water (MW) samples, including pre-treated (NMS) and non-pre-treated samples.

Main Results:

  • High U(VI) removal efficiencies (%R) exceeding 98% were achieved.
  • Optimal parameters identified: pH 7.5-9.5, specific molar ratios of U(VI) to Fe(III) and sodium oleate, 30 min contact time, 250 RPM stirring, and specific air pressure.
  • The technique proved effective as a standalone process or in tandem with NMS pre-treatment, achieving U(VI) concentrations below 1x10^-3 mg/L.

Conclusions:

  • Sorption/Flotation is a highly efficient technique for removing U(VI) from mine water.
  • The method is effective even in challenging carbonate-rich environments and can be combined with NMS pre-treatment.
  • Optimized Sorption/Flotation offers a viable solution for meeting stringent uranium discharge regulations.