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Oncolytic Viruses in the Therapy of Lymphoproliferative Diseases

P O Vorobyev1, F E Babaeva2, A V Panova3

  • 1Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

Molecular Biology
|October 11, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic viruses offer a promising cancer treatment by selectively destroying tumor cells and activating anti-tumor immunity. Viral therapy shows effectiveness, even in drug-resistant cancers, leading to remissions and improved treatment outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality globally.
  • Despite advances, challenges like tumor relapse, drug resistance, and therapy effectiveness persist in cancer treatment.
  • Lymphatic system tumors present specific therapeutic hurdles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the therapeutic potential of oncolytic viruses in cancer treatment.
  • To highlight the mechanisms by which oncolytic viruses combat cancer, including direct tumor cell lysis and immune system activation.
  • To review the application and success of viral therapy in challenging cancer types, particularly lymphoproliferative diseases with drug-resistant phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing oncolytic viruses engineered for high oncoselectivity.
  • Leveraging the understanding of viral replication within tumor cells.
  • Harnessing the induction of antitumor immune responses by viruses.

Main Results:

  • Oncolytic viruses demonstrate selective replication and destruction of tumor cells, sparing healthy tissues.
  • Viral therapy has shown efficacy in activating antitumor immunity against various malignant neoplasms.
  • Significant remissions have been observed in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases exhibiting a drug-resistant phenotype following viral therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Oncolytic viruses represent a significant advancement in cancer therapy due to their oncoselectivity and immunomodulatory effects.
  • The development of unique viral strains has enabled their wider clinical application.
  • Viral therapy offers a viable and effective strategy for overcoming challenges in current cancer treatment, including drug resistance.
Keywords:
clinical trialslymphoproliferative diseasesoncolytic virusesspontaneous remissionvirotherapy

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