Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

32.7K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.7K
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

15.6K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
15.6K
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

31.4K
Overview
31.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Integrating haplotype-enhanced HIV surveillance with national databases improves the resolution of transmission networks, drug resistance, and risk assessment.

Emerging microbes & infections·2026
Same author

Dynamics of Crossed Acquired Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: From Vaccine to Hybrid Immunity in China.

Journal of medical virology·2025
Same author

A Hidden Guardian: The Stability and Spectrum of Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in COVID-19 Response in Chinese Adults.

Vaccines·2025
Same author

Early introduction of IL-10 weakens BCG revaccination's protection by suppressing CD4<sup>+</sup>Th1 cell responses.

Journal of translational medicine·2024
Same author

Landscape of T cell epitopes displays hot mutations of SARS-CoV-2 variant spikes evading cellular immunity.

Journal of medical virology·2024
Same author

Humoral and cellular immunity of two-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccination in Chinese children: A prospective cohort study.

Journal of medical virology·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection
10:25

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Published on: June 5, 2021

4.8K

SARS-CoV-2 evolves to reduce but not abolish neutralizing action.

Yandi Zhang1, Jo-Lewis B Ndzouboukou1, Xiaosong Lin1

  • 1Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Journal of Medical Virology
|October 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially Omicron, show significant immune escape. This evolution challenges existing immunity from infection or vaccination, necessitating updated control strategies against COVID-19 variants.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2VOCsimmune escapeneutralizing antibodies

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
06:08

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.3K
Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses
05:49

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses

Published on: November 21, 2023

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection
10:25

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Published on: June 5, 2021

4.8K
Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
06:08

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.3K
Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses
05:49

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses

Published on: November 21, 2023

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) prolong the COVID-19 pandemic by evading immunity.
  • Understanding mutation trends and neutralization evasion is crucial for effective control measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze SARS-CoV-2 VOC mutation trends and neutralization evasion in the context of global vaccination rates.
  • To evaluate the impact of mutations on immune escape from natural infection and vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed lentivirus-based pseudovirus neutralization platforms for SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain and VOCs (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron).
  • Utilized serum samples from convalescent individuals and vaccine recipients, along with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), to assess neutralization potency.
  • Established pseudovirus assay platforms, identifying multiplicity of infection (MOI) as a key factor.

Main Results:

  • VOCs, particularly Omicron, demonstrated significant neutralization escape compared to the prototype strain.
  • Omicron showed a 15.7-fold decrease in NT50 value against sera and a 3.71-fold decrease against mAbs.
  • A substantial proportion of serum samples (90% from immunization, 43% from convalescence) lost neutralizing activity against Omicron.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 exhibits persistent evolution with a strong capacity for immune evasion, overcoming established immune barriers.
  • The findings provide critical insights for developing strategies to control the COVID-19 pandemic in the face of emerging variants.