Speed of sound index for liver steatosis estimation: a reliability study in normal subjects

PURPOSE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most widespread type of chronic liver disease in the Western countries. Ultrasound (US) is widely used for NAFLD staging. The Resona 7 US system (Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd.) includes an image optimization and speed of ultrasound-related feature, Sound Speed Index (SSI). SSI is applied in a region of interest (ROI) that could potentially aid in tissue characterization. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability of SSI on various examination parameters on normal subjects. METHODS Twenty normal subjects were examined by two radiologists performing SSI measurements in the liver in different ROI depths and sizes. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to measure intra- and inter-observer variability and inter-ROI variability. RESULTS For all ROIs and both radiologists, the mean inter-observer ICC was 0.62 and the mean intraobserver ICC was 0.52 and 0.79. The mean SSI values for all ROIs and examiners were in the range 1528.79-1540.16 m/s. CONCLUSION The results indicate that SSI can lead to reliable measurements on normal subjects, independent of ROI size but dependent on ROI placement. More studies processing NAFLD patients, utilizing reference methods of liver fat quantification either for reliability or correlation with SSI, should be performed to further investigate the relevance of the SSI as a potential biomarker in clinical practice for liver steatosis grading.