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Hopper flows of deformable particles.

Yuxuan Cheng1, John D Treado2, Benjamin F Lonial3

  • 1Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA. yuxuan.cheng@yale.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study reveals how particle deformability and fluid interactions influence granular material flow rates in hoppers. The exponent governing flow rate continuously changes with the ratio of viscous drag to friction, impacting granular dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Continuous hopper flows of granular materials typically follow the Beverloo equation.
  • Particle stiffness and fluid dissipation can alter the scaling exponent in hopper flows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To computationally investigate hopper flows of deformable particles considering kinetic friction and fluid dissipation.
  • To analyze the impact of viscous drag to kinetic friction ratio on flow behavior and scaling exponents.

Main Methods:

  • Computational simulations of deformable particle hopper flows in 2D and 3D.
  • Analysis of the relationship between the viscous drag to kinetic friction ratio (λ) and the power-law scaling exponent (β).
  • Characterization of flow spatial structures and their correlation with exponent changes.

Main Results:

  • The scaling exponent β varies continuously with λ, ranging from d - 1/2 (low λ) to d - 3/2 (high λ).
  • A critical ratio λc, dependent on hopper angle, marks a transition point.
  • Particle stiffness increases the offset k, reaching a maximum in the hard-particle limit, which is higher for large λ.

Conclusions:

  • The study establishes a continuous transition in granular hopper flow exponents governed by the interplay of friction and fluid dissipation.
  • Simulations in the high dissipation limit (λ → ∞) successfully replicate experimental data for deformable particles like oil droplets.