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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

2.1K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Extreme trochlear morphology in pediatric patients with fixed lateral patellar dislocation: a radiographic study.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation
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Growth modulation for angular knee deformities: a practical guideline.

Susana Reis Braga1,2, Claudio Santili1,2, Natasha Vogel Majewski Rodrigues3

  • 1Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo.

Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|October 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Growth modulation effectively treats knee angular deformities using temporary epiphysiodesis. Careful patient selection and surgical technique are crucial for successful outcomes with various implants like tension band plates and percutaneous transphyseal screws.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Pediatric orthopedics
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Knee angular deformities require effective treatment strategies.
  • Growth modulation is a key technique in correcting these deformities.
  • Understanding the principles and advances in growth modulation is essential.

Conclusions:

  • Growth modulation procedures are generally well-tolerated but demand precise indications and techniques for optimal results.
  • Alternative implants like screws and nonabsorbable sutures show promise for future applications.
  • Further research is needed to define the optimal use and limitations of percutaneous transphyseal screws in younger patients.