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Pathophysiology of cough.

F D McCool, D E Leith

    Clinics in Chest Medicine
    |June 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Effective coughing relies on high airflow velocity to clear airway secretions. Impaired ciliary function or excessive mucus necessitates forceful coughs, which can fail due to various physiological and anatomical factors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary physiology
    • Respiratory mechanics

    Background:

    • Ciliary beating normally clears airway mucus.
    • Coughing is a crucial secondary mechanism for mucus clearance when ciliary function is compromised.
    • Effective cough requires high linear gas velocity within the airways.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying effective cough.
    • To identify factors contributing to cough failure in secretion removal.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of airflow dynamics and airway mechanics during forced expiration.
    • Examination of the relationship between expiratory flow rates, airway compression, and mucus clearance.

    Main Results:

    • Cough effectiveness is maximized by high, effort-independent expiratory flows and dynamic airway compression.

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  • Factors impairing cough include inadequate expiratory flow (obstructive lung disease, inspiratory muscle weakness), failed airway compression (expiratory muscle weakness, airway collapsibility), altered airway geometry (bronchiectasis), and abnormal mucus production (chronic bronchitis).

    • Conclusions:

    • Cough is a complex physiological process dependent on adequate expiratory flow and dynamic airway compression.
    • Dysfunction in multiple components of the cough mechanism can lead to impaired airway secretion clearance.