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Related Concept Videos

Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

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The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
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Bricks01:14

Bricks

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Bricks, a fundamental building material, are crafted from fired clay and exhibit a range of shapes, sizes, and colors. The production process starts with extracting local clay or shale, which is then crushed, ground, and screened for a fine texture. The refined material is blended with water, creating a pliable mixture that can be formed into bricks using one of three processes: soft mud, dry press, or stiff mud methods.
Soft mud bricks are shaped in molds with high moisture content and can be...
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Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

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In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
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Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

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Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
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Ferrocement01:30

Ferrocement

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Ferro-cement is a distinctive construction material that represents an innovative variant of reinforced concrete, characterized by its unique composition and the method by which it is formed. Unlike standard reinforced concrete, which relies on larger steel bars for reinforcement, ferro-cement utilizes densely packed layers of mesh or fine rods, fully encased in cement mortar. This composition allows for the creation of structures that are significantly thinner and more flexible than their...
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Total Voids in Concrete01:12

Total Voids in Concrete

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Total voids in concrete encompass gel water volume, capillary pores, and entrapped air. Gel water (retained within the cement hydration products) and physically entrapped or adsorbed water are significant for the hydration process. For complete hydration, it's estimated that the space needed for the products of a cubic centimeter of cement doubles. Capillary pores constitute the unoccupied space within the hydrated cement paste, with their size largely influenced by the water-to-cement...
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Process of Making Three-dimensional Microstructures using Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component
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Porous materials formed by four self-construction processes.

Qiuhua Liu1,2, Xiaorong Shen1,2, Ye Dai3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China. zhouzaichun@hnust.edu.cn.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|October 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cyclic oligoesters with rigid braces and elastic hinges self-fold into diverse topological structures. Cave-type cyclomers form nanotunnels, leading to novel porous materials via self-assembly.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Polymer chemistry

Background:

  • Cyclic oligoesters are known for their structural versatility.
  • Self-assembly is a key strategy for creating complex materials.
  • Controlling topological frameworks in cyclic molecules remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-construction behavior of cyclic oligoesters incorporating rigid and elastic components.
  • To explore the formation of diverse topological frameworks through self-folding.
  • To demonstrate the potential for creating novel porous materials from self-assembled nanotunnels.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of cyclic oligoesters with periodically incorporated rigid braces and elastic hinges.
  • Characterization of the self-folding and self-assembly processes.
  • Analysis of the topological structures formed, including holes, caves, and cages.
  • Investigation of nanotunnel formation and subsequent porous material generation.

Main Results:

  • Cyclic oligoesters successfully self-folded into various topological frameworks (holes, caves, cages).
  • Cave-type cyclomers demonstrated self-assembly into nanotunnels.
  • These nanotunnels further self-packed to form porous materials.
  • The study confirmed the supramolecular strategy using simple rigid braces and soft hinges.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple self-construction behaviors of cyclic oligoesters can be achieved by incorporating specific structural units.
  • Self-folding of cyclomers provides a pathway to diverse topological architectures.
  • Self-assembly of cave-type cyclomers into nanotunnels offers a route to novel porous materials.
  • This work highlights a new perspective for constructing advanced materials using multiple supramolecular effects.