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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect
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Trajectory Patterns of Gestational Weight Gain.

Fernanda Manera1, Renata Cordeiro Fernandes2, Doroteia Aparecida Höfelmann3

  • 1Post-graduate Program of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.

Journal of the American Nutrition Association
|October 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Gestational weight gain patterns vary, with smoking and exceeding recommendations linked to high gain, while pre-pregnancy obesity and higher parity correlate with low gain. These factors influence pregnancy health outcomes.

Keywords:
Weight gaingroup-based trajectorylongitudinal studiesmultilevel analysisobesityoverweightpregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Public Health
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Gestational weight gain (GWG) is a critical factor in maternal and infant health outcomes.
  • Understanding GWG trajectories is essential for identifying at-risk pregnancies.
  • Previous research has explored factors associated with GWG, but trajectory-based analyses offer deeper insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct gestational weight gain trajectories among pregnant women.
  • To investigate the association between demographic, obstetric, and anthropometric characteristics and these GWG trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study involving 599 pregnant women in public health units.
  • Data collected via questionnaires and medical records, yielding 4,272 body weight measurements.
  • Group-based trajectory models applied to identify GWG patterns.

Main Results:

  • Three GWG trajectories were identified: low (9.9%), intermediate (66.4%), and high (23.7%).
  • High GWG trajectory associated with smoking and exceeding Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations.
  • Low GWG trajectory associated with pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and higher parity; parity remained a significant predictor.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral, obstetric, and anthropometric factors significantly influence GWG trajectories.
  • Findings enhance understanding of GWG patterns in middle-income populations.
  • Identifying specific trajectories can inform targeted interventions for healthier pregnancies.