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Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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Universal photonics tomography.

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    Universal Photonics Tomography (UPT) offers a general method for analyzing 3D imaging systems like optical coherence tomography (OCT) and LiDAR. This novel phase modulation approach collects positional data beyond standard limits.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and 3D Imaging

    Background:

    • 3D imaging is crucial across diverse scientific and industrial applications.
    • Coherent photonic systems, including Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), are advanced 3D imaging techniques.
    • Current OCT and LiDAR systems operate across a wide range of distances, from millimeters to kilometers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce Universal Photonics Tomography (UPT) as a generalized framework for analyzing coherent tomography systems.
    • To present OCT and LiDAR as specific instances within the broader UPT methodology.
    • To develop a novel method for acquiring positional information exceeding conventional limitations.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of Universal Photonics Tomography (UPT) as a unifying analytical framework.
    • Implementation of a novel approach utilizing phase modulation.
    • Application of multirate signal processing techniques for data acquisition.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated UPT as a general method encompassing existing technologies like OCT and LiDAR.
    • Successfully collected positional information beyond the Nyquist limits using the novel phase modulation technique.
    • Validated the efficacy of multirate signal processing in enhancing positional data acquisition.

    Conclusions:

    • UPT provides a generalized perspective on coherent tomography systems.
    • The novel phase modulation and multirate signal processing method significantly enhances positional information capture.
    • This approach expands the capabilities of 3D imaging beyond current technological constraints.